Veetorustike desinfitseerimise vajadus

Füsioloogiliste protsesside normaalne kulg inimkehas sõltub vee füüsikalistest omadustest ja keemilisest koostisest. Puhas vesi on hädavajalik nii inimorganismi seedeprotsessis kui osaleb ka keha soojusbilansis, mida on raske saavutada. Mikrobioloogiliselt reostunud vee tarbimine on inimesele ohtlik ja võib mõjutada tema tervist fataalselt.

Lõputöö raames vaadeldud veeanalüüsitulemuste põhjal võib järeldada, et veetorustiku desinfitseerimise järgsed veeproovid näitasid olulisi erinevusi vee mikrobioloogilistes parameetrites võrreldes proovidega, mis võeti veetorustikest, millel desinfitseerimist ei teostatud. Kolooniate arvu indikaator võimaldab hinnata heterotroofsete bakterite aktiivsust, mis kasvavad 72 tunni jooksul 22 ºC juures. Kolooniate arv kannab küll vähe väärtust vees esinevate patogeensete mikroorganismide näitajana, kuid annab võimaluse hinnata veetorustiku mikrobioloogilist saastatust ning torustiku sisepinnal oleva biokile kasvamise tõenäosust. Kolooniate arv näitab ebaloomulikke muutusi, mida võib seostada ehitusest tuleneva saastumisega.

Autor järeldab, et veevarustussüsteemi desinfitseerimine võiks nii uute kui ka juba kasutuses olevate torude puhul moodustada osa nõuetekohasest hooldusest, mis aitab kaasa joogiveevarustuse kvaliteedi parandamisele. Isegi, kui vesi vastab torustiku loputamise järgselt Eesti Vabariigis kehtestatud joogivee kvaliteedinõuetele, ei asenda pelgalt loputamine torustike desinfitseerimist. Desinfitseerimine aitab muuta veetorustiku kasutamist epidemioloogiliselt ohutuks, kuivõrd desinfitseerimise teel elimineeritakse veetorustiku sisepinnalt kõikvõimalikud nakkusetekitajad.

Ehkki Eesti vee-ettevõtetes on olemas üldine arusaam veetorustike desinfitseerimisest, puuduvad protsessi iseseisvaks läbiviimiseks nii oskusteave kui ka kogemused, mistõttu tellitakse torustike desinfitseerimisteenust väljastpoolt oma ettevõtet. Autor oletab, et kui desinfitseerimismeetodite rakendamine veetorustiku hooldusel oleks standardiseeritud, siis kasvaks ka tõenäosus, et töövõtjad on huvitatud juhendamisest ning väljaõppest, et vähemalt veetorustiku korraliku kohtdesinfitseerimist korrektselt läbi viia

Water is the simplest stable oxygen’s chemical compound with hydrogen and reacts readily with many chemical elements and their compounds to form hydroxides and crystalline hydrates. It is the best solvent for most compounds and is required for almost all chemical reactions. Under natural conditions, water is almost never pure. Water contains elements such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and so on.

Through the centuries, people have shown a keen interest in water, and this has remained the same to this day. In ancient times, people took water directly from springs, rivers and lakes, but over time the situation has changed. A water pipe is placed everywhere between the water source and its consumer, and at one end there is a water treatment plant and at the other end a faucet owned by each person. The water treatment plant can produce standardized drinking water, but a completely different liquid, which has travelled many kilometres through iron or plastic pipes, flows out from our taps. The main purpose of water purification and disinfection is to bring its properties as fully as possible into line with household and drinking hygiene standards and requirements. The first task of the rinsing process is either to improve certain physical properties (transparency, colour) or to free it from an unacceptable amount of certain chemical compounds (calcium, magnesium, iron salts). At the same time, these measures will improve the bacteriological characteristics of water, although this will not be enough to completely destroy any bacteria in the water pipeline.

After proper rinsing, the water acquires quite satisfactory hygienic properties (high transparency and low colour). In addition, such purified water is made free from 95-97% of the bacteria it contains. Even ideal rinsing of a water pipe cannot be a substitute for disinfecting it. Only in this way can we make it epidemiologically safe. By disinfection, the infectious agents contained in the water of the water source - bacteria, viruses - are eliminated.

Indeed, based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that the water samples after disinfection of the water pipeline showed significant differences in the physical and chemical parameters compared to the water pipeline site where disinfection had not been performed. The author assumes that if the implementation of disinfection methods were standardized, it is likely that contractors would be interested in guidance and training to perform at least on-site disinfection 65 of water pipeline sites independently, without outsourcing it from outside the company, and to provide the customer with a better connection service to achieve better water quality.