Noorte teadlikkus illegaalsetest mõnuainetest Tapa valla näitel

Viimased aastad on näidanud, et noorte seas on jätkuvalt kasvu trendiks mõnuainete tarbimine. Eestis oli 2020. aasta seisuga 38% (üle kolmandiku) 15-16 aastastest õpilastest tarvitanud enda sõnul mõnda narkootilist ainet. Kuid kui vaadata varasemaid uuringuaastaid, siis on näha kasvutrendi narkootiliste ainete tarvitamises kooliõpilaste seas. Lõputöö teema on aktuaalne seetõttu, et mõnuained pole meie seast kadunud ning kooliõpilaste seas mõnuainete tarvitamine on kasvutrendis. Kindlasti on kõikidel mõnuainete proovijatel omad põhjused, miks on nad seda teinud. Kuid tihtipeale on nendeks põhjusteks sõprade ja teiste eakaaslaste poolne sotsiaalne survestamine ning tahe kuuluda kindlasse seltskonda või mõjutavad inimest hoopis mõned isiklikud probleemid, mis tegelikult vajaks teistsugust lähenemist. Ainete tarvitamisega võivad kaasnevad erinevad terviseprobleemid, haridustee katkemine, sõltuvus, tööturu passiivsus, kuritegevus ning ka koormus hoolekandesüsteemile ja tervishoiule. See kõik mõjub laastavalt ühiskonnale ning mis omakorda tähendab uute sotsiaalprobleemide tekkimist, mis vajavad aga kindlasti lahendust. Autori peamiseks eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kui teadlikud on Tapa valla gümnaasiumiklasside noored ning millised on nende enda tarbimisharjumused. Töö raames koostati anonüümne küsimustik, mis toetus autori poolt seatud kolmele uurimisküsimusele. Küsimustikku jagati lingi abil Tapa ja Tamsalu gümnaasiumiga, millele said vastata mõlema kooli 10.-12. klasside õpilased. Kokku laekus 90 vastust. Küsitlusest selgus, et üle poolte vastanutest on kokku puutunud uimastitega. Lisaks sellele sai autor teada, et peamine aine, millega noortel kokkupuude on olnud, on kanep. Sama on ka selgunud varasematest uuringutest, mis on Eestis läbiviidud ning kus on uuritud koolinoorte uimastite tarvitamist. Uuringust tuli välja ka see, et nii mõnedki koolinoored on tarvitanud samaaegselt mitut mõnuainet, mis on aga tegelikult väga ohtlik ning mis võib viia traagiliste tagajärgedeni. Töö autor jääb ka seisukohale, et tuleks siiski teha rohkem teavitustööd ainetest ning nende mõjust noore inimese organismile. On näha, et on mõningad puudujäägid noorte teadlikkuses, kuna ei teata, kui puhas on aine ning millised mõjud on tegelikult tarvitamisel. Küsitluse läbiviimine Tapa valla koolides näitas, et tegelikult on meie ümber inimesi, kes tarvitavad meelemürke ning millest võib ka järeldada, et tegu on sotsiaalse nähtusega, kus tarvitatakse aineid sõprusseltskondades. Samuti selgus uuringust, et valdav enamus siiski ei tunne süütunnet ega pole teinud endale ka etteheiteid seoses mõnuainete tarvitamisega. Lisaks sellele tuli vastuseid analüüsides välja, et Lääne-Virumaal on illegaalsete uimastite kättesaadavust hinnatud pigem kergeks, mis on aga suureks murekohaks. Tööst selgusid ka enim levinumad ained noorte seas. Teadusallikatest sai autor teada, millist mõju avaldavad narkootilised ained inimese organismile ning millised on ohud üleannustamise korral ning millised avaldumisviisid on erinevatel mõnuainetel. Kui tugineda E. Eriksoni arenguteooriale ning A. Bandura sotsiaalse õppimise teooriale, siis on näha, et väga suurt rolli mängivad noorte elus sõbrad, kellelt omandatakse ka erinevad käitumismallid, olenemata sellest, kas tegemist on positiivsete või negatiivsete käitumismallidega. Lapsed õpivad väga palju enda lähedaste pealt. Kui nooruk on need omaks võtnud ning on arvamusel, et nii on õige, siis on väga suur tõenäosus, et need kanduvad edasi ka hilisemasse ellu, mistõttu võivad välja kujuneda erinevad harjumused ning sõltuvused, millest vabaneda on väga keeruline. Kokkuvõtvalt saab öelda, et püstitatud eesmärk sai täidetud ning uurimisülesanded lahendatud.

The title of the thesis is Youth awareness on illegal substances on the Example of Tapa municipality. Recent years have shown that the use of recreational drugs continues to be a growing trend among young people. In Estonia, as of 2020, 38% (more than a third) of 15–16-year-old students said they had used some narcotic product. When compared to the previous research years, it can be noticed that the use of narcotic substances is a rising tendency among schoolchildren. The topic of this final thesis is relevant because recreational drug use is still there and even on the rise among students. Certainly, all those who try recreational drugs have their own reasons. But often these reasons are related to social pressure caused by friends and peers, as well as to the striving towards belonging to a certain group, or because young people are just affected by some personal problems, which actually need different approaches. The drug use can cause various health problems, interrupted education, addictions, inactivity in the labour market, crime, and also a burden on the welfare system and healthcare. All this has a devastating effect on society, which in turn means the emergence of new social problems, which definitely need a solution. The author’s main goal was to find out how aware gymnasium students in Tapa rural municipality are, and what their own drug consumption habits are. As part of the study, an anonymous questionnaire was prepared, which was based on three research questions set by the author. The questionnaire was shared with Tapa and Tamsalu gymnasiums by using a link, so the author could collect responses from 10th–12th graders of both schools. A total of 90 responses were received. The survey revealed that more than half of the respondents have used psychoactive drugs. In addition, the author learned that the main substance young people have used is cannabis. The same tendency has also been revealed by previous studies conducted in Estonia, which have researched the drug use by schoolchildren. This study also disclosed that some schoolchildren have used several recreational drugs at the same time, which is actually very dangerous and can lead to tragic consequences. The author claims that more information should be given to students about substances and their effects on young persons’ health. It is evident there are some awareness gaps among young people, because they do not know how pure the substances they use are, and what effects they actually have. Conducting the survey in these two schools of Tapa municipality showed that there are actually young people around us who use psychoactive drugs, and from this it can also be concluded that it is a social phenomenon, meaning that substances are used in groups of friends. The survey also revealed that the vast majority of the respondents do not feel guilty, and they have not reproached themselves for using recreational drugs. Besides, when analysing the answers, it was found that there is the ready availability of illicit drugs to the youth in Lääne-Virumaa, which is, however, particularly concerning. The study also disclosed what the most popular substances among young people are. From scientific sources, the author found out what effect narcotic substances have on the human system, and what the dangers are in the event of an overdose, and what forms of manifestation different recreational drugs have. Based on E. Erikson’s theory of development and A. Bandura’s theory of social learning, it can be seen that a very big role in the lives of young people is played by their friends, from whom they also acquire different behaviour patterns, regardless of whether these patterns are positive or negative. Children learn a lot from their loved ones. When youngsters have adopted certain patterns and think they are right, there is a very big probability these patterns will be carried over into later life, which is why different habits and addictions may develop that are very difficult to get rid of. To conclude, it can be said that the set goal was met, and the research tasks were solved.