Sotsiaalkorterelamu ehitamise organiseerimine

Abstract

Lõputöö ülesandeks valiti Põltsamaa, Roheline tn 1a kinnistule planeeritava 2 korruselise sotsiaalkorterelamu ehituse organiseerimine. Töö raames kirjeldati olemasolevat olukorda, arhitektuurse, konstruktiivse, eriosade lahendusi ja asukoha eripärasid. Kuna hanke ajal puudus hoone asukohalt geoloogia, siis analüüsis lõputöö autor avalikest andmebaasidest saada olevaid kõrval kinnistute geoloogiaid ning sellest tulenevalt töötas välja vundamendi tehnoloogiakaardi. Selle raames lahendati detailselt ära hoone 0-tsükli tööd, vundamendi sõlmed sealhulgas kasutatavad materjalid. Teine tehnoloogiakaart koostati monteeritavate fassaadielementide kohta. Selleks valiti puitkarkassist seinaelementide lahendus. Töö käigus töötati välja optimaalne seinapaneeli lahendus, sõlmlahendused montaažiks ning paigaldustehnoloogia. Erilist tähelepanu vajasid lamekatuse ja seinapaneeli liited, kus leiti parapeti lahendus, mille saab tehases valmis teha ning peale montaaži ka kohe katta. Projekteerimis-ehitushanke protsessis osalemine pakkus autorile väärtuslikku praktilist kogemust. Erilist tähelepanu pöörati kuluoptimaalsete ja efektiivsete lahenduste leidmisele. Esialgse lintvundamendi asendamine plaatvundamendi ja kiudbetooniga näitas, kuidas strateegilised tehnilised valikud võimaldavad oluliselt lühendada ehitusaega ja vähendada kulusid, ohverdamata sealjuures kvaliteeti. Lisaks süvendas töö autori teadmisi ligipääsetavuse nõuetest, mis on sotsiaalobjektide puhul olulise tähtsusega. Lõputöö käigus jõudis autor järeldusele, et eelprojektist erineva ehituslahenduse kasutamisega on võimalik ehitusaega lühendada vähemalt 20%, mis toob olulise kokkuhoiu ehituaegsetelt kuludelt. Lisaks on ka oluline ehituse algusaeg, mis muudab oluliselt ehitustempot ehitusaegseid küttekulusid. Organizing the construction of a social apartment building The objective of this thesis was to organize the construction process for a two-story social housing building located at Roheline St. 1a, Põltsamaa. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of the site conditions, architectural and structural solutions, and building systems, while accounting for the specific requirements of social infrastructure. A significant challenge during the initial stages was the absence of site-specific geological data. To address this, the author conducted a comparative analysis using public databases and geological surveys from adjacent properties. Consequently, a foundation technology card was developed, detailing "zero-cycle" operations, structural nodes, and material specifications. A second technology card was established for prefabricated timber-frame facade elements. The author optimized the panel designs and assembly joints, including a specialized pre-manufactured parapet solution that ensures immediate weatherproofing upon installation. Practical experience gained through the Design-Build procurement process was central to the thesis. A primary focus was placed on cost-optimization and efficiency. By replacing the initially proposed strip foundation with a fiber-reinforced concrete slab foundation, the author demonstrated how strategic technical shifts can significantly reduce construction time and costs without compromising structural integrity. Furthermore, the project deepened the author's expertise in universal design and accessibility, which are critical for the functionality of social housing. In conclusion, the author determined that by implementing optimized construction methods that deviate from the preliminary design, the construction period can be reduced by at least 20%. This reduction results in substantial savings in time-related overhead costs. Additionally, the study concludes that the timing of the construction start is a critical factor, as it significantly impacts both the operational pace and seasonal heating expenses during the construction phase.