Integreeritud parkimisega korterelamu

Käesoleva lõputöö tulemusena on valminud integreeritud parkimisega korterelamu projekt. Töö esimeses pooles on käsitletud tööga seotud teoreetilisi aspekte: liftide liigid, energiatõhususe süsteemid ning sarnasel põhimõttel kavandatud hoonete näited maailmast. Hoones on kasutatud inimeste ja asjade veoks mõeldud lifte, millega transporditakse autosid koos autodes istuvate reisijatega. Teoreetilises osas on välja pakutud üks võimalik lifti kasutamise protseduur, kusjuures on oluline märkida, et liftis viibides (kui uksed on suletud), peab auto mootor olema seiskunud. Töö teine osa on projekti seletuskiri, mis katab olulised aspektid projektilahenduse kohta. Projekteeritav korterelamu on kaheksa maapealse korrusega ning ühe maa-aluse parkimiskorrusega, kus asuvad ka autode pesemise seadmed. Juurdepääs autoliftile on tagatud juurdepääsuteede abil tänava poolt. Hoones on kokku üksteist korterit: enamasti korruse kohta kaks, erandiks viies korrus, kus on üks äripind suure avatud terrassiga, ning eelviimane ja viimane korrus, kus mõlemad korterid on projekteeritud läbi kahe korruse, võimaldades niimoodi parkida ühe korteri juurde kaks autot. Korterid on üldiselt neljatoalised: kaks magamistuba, avar köök-elutuba ning kabinet. Igas korteris on saun. Samuti on igale korterile kavandatud avarad rõdupinnad, mis tekitavad hoone fassaadile atraktiivset dünaamikat ning vormimängu. Tänavast eraldatud tagahoovi on kujundatud laudteedega ajaveetmiskoht ning krundi tagumisse serva süvendatud istumiskoht, kus kõrvalasuva kooli õpilased saavad välitunde läbi viia. Samuti on seal võimalik pidada erinevaid loenguid ja korraldada muid üritusi. Tagahoovis on nii suuri puid, sügisel koogilõhna levitavaid põõsaid (juudapuulehikud) kui ka väikeseid puhmastaimi ja marjapõõsaid, mille eesmärgiks on linnalastele looduse tutvustamine. Laudteede võrgustik on kandilise vormiga nurgeline moodustis ning laudtee kõrval on kandilised kuhjakujulised peenrad marjadega. Projekteeritava hoone puhul on kasutatud mitmeid kaasajal uudseid tehnoloogiaid. Hoone ammutab elektrit kagu- ja edelafassaadidele paigaldatud elektrittootvatest paneelidest ning hoone katusel on päikesepark. Päikesest saadava energia salvestamiseks on korterites (ja vajadusel ka keldrikorruse tehnoruumis) akupangad. Hoone aknad on elektrokroomsete klaaspakettidega, mille läbipaistvust on võimalik elektrivoolu abil reguleerida. Nimetatud klaasid aitavad kaasa hoone energiatõhususele, kuna neid saab seadistada läbipaistvust muutma päikesevalguse intensiivsuse järgi, lastes ereda päikese korral vähem valgust ja soojust läbi ning vähendades seega siseruumide jahutamise vajadust. Samuti aitavad elektrokroomsed klaasid tagada privaatsust: piirata auto nähtavust tänavalt ning asendada ruloosid tubade pimendamisel. Käesolev lõputöö on peamiselt akadeemilise suunitlusega ning seetõttu hoidutakse igasugustest hinnakalkulatsioonidest, et arhitektuurset ja tehnoloogilist lahendust finantsilise teostatavuse kaalutlustega mitte kammitseda. Projekti saaks edasi arendada just eelkõige hinnakalkulatsioonidega, et selgitada välja projekti teostatavus Tallinna reaalsetes majandusoludes ja korterite ostu-müügiturul.

The result of this thesis is an apartment building project. The first half of the thesis is about the theoretical aspects: types of elevators, energy efficiency systems and examples of similarly designed apartment buildings across the world. The designed apartment building uses elevators for persons and goods that can carry vehicles along with passangers seated in them. The theoretical part suggests a suitable procedure for using the lift for persons and goods. It is important to emphasise that the car engine must be turned off while the vehicle is transported in the elevator (when the elevator doors are closed). The second part of the thesis consists of the explanatory materials about the design of the building. The designed apartment building has eight storeys above and one storey for parking below the ground. The car wash system is also located in the parking storey. The vehicle elevator can be accessed from the street side of the building. The apartment building has eleven apartments in total: mostly two apartments per storey with the exception of the fifth storey that has one apartment and one commercial area with a large terrace and the penthouse that has both apartments through two stories which means that both apartments have two parking spots. Most of the apartments have four rooms: two bedrooms, open kitchen with living-room and a small home office. Every apartment has a sauna and open balconies that create dynamics in the facades. The backyard that is isolated from the street has a leisure area with a boardwalk and near the back end of the lot is a seating area that is lower than the surrounding ground. It is mainly for the students of the nearby school to have outdoor lessons. It is also suitable for different lectures and other small-scale events. In the backyard there are large trees and some bushes that smell like cake in the autumn (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) as well as smaller bushes and berries that are intended to introduce nature to the children in town. The boardwalk is rectangular formation and next to it are some congruous heaped-up flowerbeds. The designed building incorporates many innovative technologies. The electricity comes partially from the cladding on the facades in southeast and southwest and from the solar park on the roof. The energy from the sun is stored in battery packs in the apartments (and in the technical room in the parking storey, when necessary). The windows have electrocromatic glass panes and their transparency can be electrically adjusted. Electrocromatic glass contributes to the overall energy efficiency of the building because it can be adjusted to change transparency according to the sun intensity. When the sun shines bright, the glasses block more light and heat and, hence, reduce the need for cooling in the rooms. In addition, the electrocromatic glass increases privary because the residents can limit the visibility of their vehicle to the street and use it instead of sunshades. The given thesis is mainly academical and due to that all price calculations are excluded not to restrict the architectural and technological structure with financial feasibility. This project has perspective for future developments, namely with the finincial calculations to find out how realistic it would be to actually construct a similar building in Tallinn in its economical and real-estate market.